Ekoteologi Fungsi Hutan Oenaek: Penyimpangan Paradigma Ekologis Menuju Perilaku Eksploitatif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21460/gema.2019.42.423Keywords:
Camplong, ecology, forest, forest ecotheology, TimoreseAbstract
Abstract
This study aims at describing and analyzing the change of Camplong residents’ perspective towards the function of forest which brings an impact on the damage of Oenaek Forest. In addition, the purpose of this study is also to conduct an ecotheological observation about this viewpoint shift. There is a Natural Tourism Park in Camplong with various kinds of flora and fauna. In Timorese belief, this forest functions as a palace for Usi (the highest god) and a shelter for the spirits of passed away ancestors. The shift of the forest status from
natural forest (restricted forest) to productive forest has caused the change of residents’ perspective towards the function of the forest. In the past they used to perceive the forest as a subject, but now it has been seen as an object of economic enterprise. The change of this standpoint has influenced the behavior of Camplong people who live around the forest area: the forest is no longer served as a place for celebrating traditional rituals, but merely as a tourist destination. The method applied in this research is qualitative descriptive which
is carried out through observation and in-depth interview.
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis perubahan pandangan masyarakat Camplong terhadap fungsi hutan yang berdampak pada perusakan Hutan Oenaek dan melakukan tinjauan ekoteologis tentang perubahan pandangan masyarakat Camplong terhadap fungsi hutan. Di Camplong terdapat Taman Wisata Alam yang menjadi tempat tinggal beberapa flora dan fauna serta dalam kepercayaan masyarakat Timor (atoni meto), Hutan Camplong merupakan tempat bagi Usi sebagai ilah tertinggi dalam kepercayaan atoni meto dan roh para leluhur yang telah meninggal berdiam. Informan sebagai sumber
data dalam penelitian ini yaitu LPA (Lembaga Pemangku Adat) wilayah kefetoran Fatuleu, KRPH Fatuleu Barat sebagai pemangku kawasan, GMIT Betania Camplong sebagai salah satu institut keagamaan dan beberapa masyarakat lokal yang ada di Camplong. Akibat dari adanya perubahan status hutan dari hutan alam (hutan larangan = nais talas) menjadi hutan produksi berakibat pada perubahan pandangan masyarakat yang menganggap hutan bukan lagi sebagai subjek melainkan sebagai objek yang siap digunakam karena memiliki nilai produktif. Perubahan pandangan ini memengaruhi perilaku yang awalnya hutan dijadikan sebagai tempat ibadah atau pelaksanaan ritual kini hanya menjadi objek wisata. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu deskriptif kualitatif yang dicapai dengan cara observasi dan wawancara mendalam.
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