Penguasa, Tuhan, dan Rakyat: Membaca Apokalips Daniel 7 sebagai Subversi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21460/gema.2019.42.481Keywords:
apocalypse, dualism, history, imperialism, power, subversive, theologyAbstract
Abstract
Because of its cryptic nature apocalypse Daniel 7 has been interpreted in many ways. Often it is linked to the end of time teachings. This kind of interpretation is problematic. First, while emphasizing the dark side of the prophecy, it fails to capture its main intention which is optimism toward the future. Second, apocalypse contains dualistic ideas, but, they are not supposed to be separated, let alone taking one side over the other. Apocalyptic dualism should be treated as an oscillating, always negotiating positions, tensional but creative
collisions. This article shows a reading of apocalypse that reveals dualism as an integrated entity. It also considers theological consequences of such a reading. While being placed within the world’s history, God is deeply involved in worldly drama which consists of tragedy, as well as, comedy. On the political side, this reading demonstrates that imperial history does not run by itself, but, always prones to subversive movements.
Abstrak
Apokalips Daniel 7 telah menimbulkan banyak penafsiran karena kemisteriusannya. Dari sekian banyak penafsiran terdapat kecenderungan untuk mengaitkannya dengan ajaran-ajaran tentang akhir zaman. Penafsiran seperti ini problematis. Pertama, dengan menekankan pada sisi gelap dari nubuatan di teks itu, penafsiran semacam itu telah gagal untuk menangkap maksud utamanya, yaitu sikap optimis terhadap masa depan. Kedua, apokalips mengandung gagasan-gagasan dualistik, namun gagasan-gagasan tersebut tidak seharusnya dipisahkan apalagi diambil salah satunya saja. Dualisame dari apokalips seharusnya dilihat
sebagai osilasi, sebagai posisi-posisi yang selalu bernegosiasi, terkadang menegang namun menghasilkan kreativitas. Tulisan ini memperlihatkan dualisme apokalips sebagai entitas yang integratif. Juga mempertimbangkan konsekuensi teologisnya. Dengan menempatkan Tuhan dalam sejarah kehidupan, Tuhan juga dilihat terlibat aktif dalam drama kehidupan yang terdiri dari tragedi di samping komedi. Di sisi politik, pembacaan ini mengungkapkan sejarah imperialisme tidak berjalan sendiri namun selalu disandingi oleh gerakan subversif.
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