Pengetahuan dan Kebenaran: Membincang Karakteristik Epistemologi Barat dan Epistemologi Timur

Abstract

Abstract
This research aims to explore the differences and similarities between the characteristics of Western epistemology and Eastern epistemology. This research uses a qualitative method by conducting a study of literature and literature, both in the form of books, journals and other supporting documents. The results showed that first, the characteristics of western epistemology include: [1] the approach to knowledge is based on rationality and sensory experience, [2] the knowledge obtained is objective and analytical, [3] the relationship with religion is separate, and [4] the validity of knowledge is obtained through correspondence theory of truth , coherence theory of truth and pragmatic theory of truth ; second, the characteristics of eastern epistemology include: [1] the approach to knowledge is based on aspects of intuition; [2] the knowledge obtained is subjective and synthesized; [3] the relationship with religion is related, especially in causal relations; and [4] the validity of knowledge is obtained through consensus theory of truth and aletheia theory of truth; and third, western epistemology and eastern epistemology have similarities in several respects, namely about [1] the mystery of knowledge and truth, [2] humans as subject-objects of knowledge and truth, and [3] the usefulness of knowledge and truth.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengali perbedaan dan persamaan karakteristik epistemologi barat dan epistemologi timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melakukan kajian terhadap pustaka dan literatur, baik dalam bentuk buku, jurnal maupun dokumen pendukung lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama, karakteristik epistemology barat meliputi: [1] pendekatan pengetahuan didasarkan pada rasionalitas dan pengalaman indrawi, [2] pengetahuan yang didapatkan bersifat objektif dan analitis, [3] hubungan dengan agama bersifat terpisah, dan [4] validitas pengetahuan diperoleh melalui correspondence theory of truth (kebenaran korespondensi), coherence theory of truth (kebenaran koherensi) dan pragmatic theory of truth (kebenaran pragmatis); kedua, karakteristik epistemologi timur meliputi: [1] pendekatan terhadap pengetahuan didasarkan pada aspek intuisi; [2] pengetahuan yang didapatkan bersifat subjektif dan sintesis; [3] hubungan dengan agama bersifat terkait, khususnya dalam relasi sebab akibat; dan [4] validitas pengetahuan diperoleh melalui consensus theory of truth (kebenaran konsensus) dan aletheia theory of truth (kebenaran penyingkapan/ pewahyuan); dan ketiga, epistemologi barat dan epistemologi timur memiliki kesamaan dalam beberapa hal, yaitu tentang [1] misteri pengetahuan dan kebenaran, [2] manusia sebagai subjek-objek pengetahuan dan kebenaran, dan [3] kebermanfaatan pengetahuan dan kebenaran