BEBERAPA PENDEKATAN TEORI KEKERASAN POLITIK UNTUK MEMAHAMI GERAKAN NIRKEKERASAN DI FILIPINA

Abstract

People Power (EDSA) is one of the examplesof the most successful non-violent political movements in the 20th century. The revolution that lasted for 77 hours, or four days, can be regarded as a peaceful revolution succeeding in overthrowing a 20-year dictatorial regime. This article will analyze the people power movements by employing some ideas from political scholars such as Ackerman and Krueger who concluded that a non-violent movement was determined by the availability of political opportunities, mobilizing structure, and framing process. Furthermore, Vilvredo Pareto, through his theory of Group Persistence, elaborated that political changes could not be separated from rivalries between the ruling elite and the opposition. He stressed that the elite rivalries would help explaining the behavior of elites and the effects on the dynamics of political changes. Paul Site’s ideas, through his writing “Basic Human Needs”, were used to identify the underlying factors that prompted the basic human needs fulfillment through political changes. Whereas, the theory of collective behavior from Niels Smelser was utilized to see that apolitical revolution was not a spontaneous movement butit was formed from pattern of actions that would determinethe stages in a collective behavior. Finally by using some theories of political violence, it is expected to get a broader picture of understanding nonviolence movements.