Al-Andalus di Bawah Kekuasaan Daulah Umayyah di Cordoba (756-1031): Suatu Masyarakat Pluralistik yang Beradab
Keywords:
Sejarah Al-Andalus di bawah Islam, Cordoba, masyarakat sipil pluralistik, agama-agama Abraham, kebudayaan Arab, kerukunanAbstract
This article gives a description of the development of Islamic al-Andalus between 756 dan 1031. In the European history this period is normally described as the ‘Dark Middle Ages’. The society in al-Andalus was build through a good cooperation of the three Abrahamic Religions, Yudaisme, Christianity and Islam, which shared a common Arabic culture. The result was the flowering of architecture, science, culture and prosperity. At that time Cordoba was the splendid centre of Al-Andalus. Cordoba competed with Baghdad, Constantinopel, Alexandria (Egypt) to become the centre of the civilized world in this Enlightenment period of the Islam. Far before Eropa started its cultural development during the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, Islamic Spain was already a high civilised pluralistic society. May be in this reformation period in Indonesia, Al-Andalus can become a source of inspiration for Indonesia to become also a modern pluralistic civil society, which is build together by the members of different religions, which highly respect one another and are fully engaged to cooperate with one another for the well being of all Indonesian citizens.Downloads
References
Abdullah, H.M. Amin, Rekonstruksi Metodologi Studi Agama dalam Masyarakat Multikultural dan Multirelijius, Pidato pengukuhan Guru Besar Ilmu Filsafat. Disampaikan di hadapan Rapat Senat Terbuka IAIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Tanggal 13 Mei 2000.
Adang, Camilla, Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Hebrew Bible. From Ibn Rabban to Ibn Hazm, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996.
--------, “De religies van het boek”, dalam: Henk Driessen (red.), In het huis van de Islam, Nijmegen: SUN, 1997, hlm. 221-239.
Arkoun, M. dan Louis Gardet, penerjemah: Ahsin Mohammad, Islam Kemarin dan Hari Esok, Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka, 1997.
Arkoun, Mohammed, “Kejayaan Islam melalui pluralisme pemikiran”, Kompas, 11/04/2000, hlm. 1 + 11.
Barkaï, Ron (ed.), Chrétiens, musulmans et juifs dans l"Espagne médiévale. De la convergence à l'expulsion, Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1994.
Cohen, Julie-Marthe (red.), Jews under Islam a Culture in Historical Perspective/ Joden onder de islam een cultuur in historisch perspectief, Amsterdam/Zwolle: Joods Historisch Museum/Waanders Uitgevers, 1993.
Dozy, Reinhart, penerjemah: Griffin Stokes, Spanish Islam: A History of the Moslems in Spain, London: Chatto & Windus, 1913.
Geiger, Abraham, Judaism and Islam. Prolegomenon by Moshe Pearlman, New York: KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 1970.
Goitein, S.D., Jews and Arabs. Their Contacts Through the Ages, New York: Schocken Books, 1972-6.
“Gus Dur dan Gus Dur di Lirboyo. Menyongsong Muktamar ke-30 NU”, Kompas, 16/11/1999, hlm. 1+11.
Harvey, L.P., Islamic Spain 1250 to 1500, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Hitti, Philip K., History of the Arabs. From the Earliest Times to the present, London: MacMillan & Co. LTD, 1960-7 (revised).
--------, The Arabs. A Short History, London/Melbourne/Toronto: MacMillan, 1968-5. (buku ini diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Indonesia oleh Usukudin Hutagalung dan O.D.P. Sihombing, Dunia Arab Sedjarah Ringkas, Bandung: Sumur, 1970-6).
Irving, Thomas Ballantine (Al-Hajj Ta`lim `Ali), penerjemah: A. Niamullah Nuiz, A. Malik, Abdurrahman Ibn Muawiyah.
Rajawali dari Spanyol, Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1990.
Ismail, Faisal, Paradigma Kebudayaan Islam. Studi Kritis dan Refleksi Historis, Yogyakarta: Titian Ilahi Press, 1997-2 (revisi).
Jayyusi, Salma Khadra (ed.), The Legacy of Muslim Spain, 2 Volumes, Leiden/New York/Köln: E.J. Brill, 1994.
Lewis, Bernard, The Muslim Discovery of Europe, New York/London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1982.
--------, The Jews of Islam, London/Melbourne/Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984.
Mann, Vivian B., Glick, Thomas F. and Jerrilynn D. Dodds, Convivencia. Jews, Muslims and Christians in Medieval Spain, George Braziller/The Jewish Museum, New York 1992.
Sou`yb, Yoesoef, Kekuasaan Islam di Andalusia, Jakarta/Medan/Bandung: 1984.Penerbit Madju,
---------, Sejarah Daulah Ummayah di Cordoba, Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1977.
“The Iberian Peninsula and Sicily”, Chapter 7 dari: Holt P.M., Lambton A.K.S. and B. Lewis (eds.), The Cambridge History of Islam, Vol II The Further Islamic Lands, Islamic Society and Civilization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970, hlm. 406-439.
Wasserstein, David J., The Caliphate in the West. An Islamic Political Institution in the Iberian Peninsula, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.
Watt, W. Montgommery and Pierre Cachia, A History of Islamic Spain, Islamic Surveys 4, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1996-5.