Gereja sebagai Entitas Politik dalam Dirinya Sendiri: Hakikat dan Peran Politis Gereja dalam Teologi Politik William T. Cavanaugh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21460/gema.2026.112.1631Keywords:
church, state, politics, political theology, William T. Cavanaugh, gereja, negara, politik, teologi politikAbstract
Abstract
By examining some aspects of the political theology of William T. Cavanaugh, this article aims to explore an alternative model of political theology that, while rejecting the privatization of faith, firmly maintains the conviction that the political role of the Church cannot be reduced to that of an instrument serving the secular politics of the state. On the contrary, the political role of the Church should be grounded in and expressive of its identity as the sign and instrument of the Kingdom of God. This line of reasoning offers a distinctive contribution, particularly in light of critiques of the limitations of the so-called dominant model of political theology that contains the Church’s political role to functioning as an institution of social criticism, tasked with providing moral guidance and values to the state in exercising its political responsibilities. Within such a framework of the dominant model in political theology, therefore, the Church is political only so long as it participates in the politics of the state. In this article, I argue that Cavanaugh’s political theology offers an alternative to the limitations of such a dominant model. For Cavanaugh, the Church is political in its own right, not merely by participating in the politics of the state. This fundamental insight in turn provides a unique
and constructive vision of the political vocation and tasks of the Church.
Abstrak
Dengan membahas beberapa aspek teologi politik William T. Cavanaugh, artikel ini bermaksud mengeksplorasi satu model alternatif teologi politik yang, sambil menolak privatisasi iman, juga berpegang teguh pada keyakinan bahwa peran politis Gereja tidak boleh direduksi pada ihwal menjadi instrumen bagi politik sekuler yang dijalankan oleh negara. Sebaliknya, peran politis Gereja mesti bersumber pada dan membahasakan jati dirinya sebagai tanda dan sarana Kerajaan Allah. Pemikiran seperti ini unik dan penting, terutama bila ditempatkan dalam konteks kritik terhadap keterbatasan dari apa yang disebut model dominan dalam teologi politik yang membatasi peran politis Gereja pada fungsinya sebagai institusi kritik sosial dengan tugas memberi wawasan moral bagi negara dalam menjalankan tanggung jawab politisnya. Dalam kerangka berpikir model dominan dalam teologi politik ini, dengan demikian, Gereja menjadi politis sejauh ia mengambil bagian dalam politik negara. Dalam artikel ini saya berpendapat bahwa teologi politik Cavanaugh menyediakan alternatif terhadap keterbatasan model dominan tersebut. Bagi Cavanaugh, Gereja itu politis dalam dirinya sendiri, dan hakikat politis ini tidak tergantung pada hubungannya dengan politik negara. Gagasan dasar ini pada gilirannya memberi perspektif yang khas dan konstruktif tentang panggilan dan tugas-tugas politis Gereja.
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